1SSN1831-9424EuropeanCommissionJRC SCIENCE FOR POLICY REPORTGlobal Energy and ClimateOutlook 2023Investment Needs in a Decarbonised WorldKeramidas,K.,Fosse,F,Diaz Rincon,A.Dowling,P.Garaffa,R.,Ordonez,J..Russ,P.Schade,B.Schmitz.A..Soria Ramirez,A..Van Der Vorst,C.,Weitzel,M.2023EUR 31792 ENThis publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC),the European Commission's science and knowledgeservice.It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process.The contents of this publication do notnecessarily reflect the position or opinion of the European Commission.Neither the European Commission nor any person acting onbehalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication.For information on the methodology andquality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services,users shouldcontact the referenced source.The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression ofany opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of amy country.temritory.city or area or of itsauthorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Contact informationEmait:JRC-GECOutlookec.europa.euhttps//joint-research-centre.ec.europa.euJRC136265EUR 31792 ENPDF1SBN978-92-68-10948-9ISSN1831-9424European Union,2023BYThe reuse policy of the European Commission documents is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330,14.12.2011.p.39).Unless otherwise noted,the reuse of this document isThis means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the European Union permission must be sought directly fromthe copyright holders The European Union does not own the copyright in relation to the following elements:-Cover page image created with Canva Magic Media.How to cite this report:Keramidas,K.Fosse,F.,Diaz Rincon,A.Dowling.P.Garaffa,R,Ordonez,J.Russ,P.,Schade,B.,Schmitz,A,SoriaRamirez.A.Van Der Vorst,C.and Weitzel,M,Global Energy and CNmate Outlook 2023,Publications Office of the European Union.Luxembourg.2023,dot10.2760836798,JRC136265.