Climate Change 2014Mitigation of Climate ChangeWorking Group Ill Contribution to theFifth Assessment Report of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeEdited byOttmar EdenhoferRamon Pichs-MadrugaYouba SokonaWorking Group lll Co-ChairWorking Group Ill Co-ChairWorking Group Ill Co-ChairPotsdam Institute forCentro de Investigaciones de laSouth CentreClimate Impact ResearchEconomia MundialJan C.MinxEllie FarahaniSusanne KadnerKristin SeybothHead ofTSUHead of OperationsHead of ScienceDeputy Head of ScienceAnna AdlerIna BaumSteffen BrunnerTeam AssistantProject OfficerSenior EconomistPatrick EickemeierBenjamin KriemannJussi SavolainenScientific EditorIT OfficerWeb ManagerSteffen SchlomerChristoph von StechowTimm ZwickelScientistScientistSenior ScientistWorking Group Ill Technical Support UnitCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITY PRESSCambridge University Press32 Avenue of the Americas,New York,NY 10013-2473,USACambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.It furthers the University's mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education,learning and research at the highestinternational levels of excellence.www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title:www.cambridge.org/9781107654815Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2014This publication is in copyright.Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreementsno reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.First published 2014Printed in the United States of AmericaA catalog record for this publication is available from the British Libary.SBN978-1-107-05821-7 hardbackI5BN978-1-107-65481-5 paperbackCambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is,or will remain,accurate orappropriate.Please use the following reference to the whole report:IPCC,2014:Climate Change 2014:Mitigation of Climate Change.Contribution of Working Group lll to the Fifth AssessmentReport of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer,O.,R.Pichs-Madruga,Y.Sokona,E.Farahani,S.Kadner,K.Seyboth,A.Adler,I.Baum,S.Brunner P.Eickemeier,B.Kriemann,J.Savolainen,S.Schlomer,C.von Stechow,T.Zwickel and J.C.Minx (eds.)].Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,United Kingdom and New York,NY,USA.Cover photo:Shanghai,China,aerial view Ocean/Corbis