In collaboration withWORLDMcKinsey CompanyECONOMICFORUMCircularity in theBuilt Environment:Maximizing CO,Abatementand Business OpportunitiesWHITE PAPERDECEMBER 2023Images:Getty Images,UnsplashContentsForeword3Executive summary4Introduction1 Transforming the resource loops in the built environment61.1 Resource recirculation81.2 Resource efficiencies91.3 Resource utilization92 Building with circular materials102.1 Concrete and cement132.2 Construction steel152.3 Construction aluminium172.4 Construction plastics192.5 Flat glass212.6 Gypsum23Conclusion:Driving the circularity transition in the built environment25Appendix:Modelling assumptions and results calculation26Contributors27Endnotes28DisclaimerWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project,insight area or interaction.The findings,interpretations andrepresent the views of the World EconomicForum,nor the entirety of its Members,reserved.No part of this publication mayCircularity in the Built Environment:Maximizing CO,Abatement and Business Opportunities 2