BISBIS Working PapersArtificial intelligence andrelationship lendingby Leonardo Gambacorta,Fabiana Sabatini and StefanoSchiaffiMonetary and Economic DepartmentFebruary 2025JEL classification:G01,G21,E50.Keywords:Artificial intelligence;machine leaming;creditsupply;relationship lending.BIS Working Papers are written by members of the Monetary and EconomicDepartment of the Bank for International Settlements,and from time to time by othereconomists,and are published by the Bank.The papers are on subjects of topicalinterest and are technical in character.The views expressed in them are those of theirauthors and not necessarily the views of the BIS.This publication is available on the BIS website (www.bis.org).Bank for International Settlements 2025.All rights reserved.Brief excerpts may bereproduced or translated provided the source is stated.ISSN 1020-0959 (print)ISSN 1682-7678 (online)