吉林农业大学学报2022,441)：61-70http://xuebao.jlau.edu.cnJoumal of Jilin Agricultural UniversityE-mail:jlndxb@vip.sina.com我国稻田甲烷主要减排措施的技术效应与影响因素刘珂纯，王旭东，赵鑫，张海林“中国农业大学农学院，农业农村部农作制度重点实验室，北京100193摘要：稻田是温室气体CH,的主要排放源，随着气候变化逐渐成为威胁农业生产的全球性问题，如何降低CH4排放已经成为农业关注的焦点·文章基于Ma分析方法，对我国公开发表的相关定位试脸数据进行了系统整理和定量分析。结果表明：与冬闲田相比，填闲种植使水稻季CH,排放显著提高了25.81%：与常规模式相比，稻田复合种养模式（稻田养鸭、养鱼等）可以显著降低2.15%的CH排放：有机肥还田显著提高了82.39%的CH,排放：有机肥经腐熟或发酵（推肥、制沼气）后还田增加的CH,排放的增量(26.17%)低于支接还田：与常规灌溉相比，节水灌溉可以减少61.1%的CH,排放，其中控制灌溉减排77.01%，其效果显著优于间歌性灌溉(55.35%)：与不施氮相比，施用氮肥整体上会显著增加稻田的CH,排放量，其效果随着施氮水平的提高呈先降低再升高的趋势：免耕或少耕等可以降低12.74%的CH4排放：控释肥或施肥时配施生物抑制剂可显著降低18.52%的CH,排放：生物炭还田显著降低了23.34%的CH的排放，其减排效果随着生物炭还田量的变化而先减弱再增加。综上，不同的农田管理措施对稻季CH:排放有不同的影响，复合种养，适当的施氮水平、将有机肥堆肥发酵后还田、控释肥或配施生物抑制剂、适当量的生物炭还田、节水灌溉以及免耕少耕等条件更有助于稻田温室气体CH,减排。关键词：稻田甲烷：减排措施：温室气体排放：农田管理措施：Mta分析中图分类号：Q178:S964.2文献标志码：A文章编号：1000-56842022)01-0061-10引文格式：刘珂纯，王旭东，赵鑫，等.我国稻田甲烷主要减排措施的技术效应与影响因素.吉林农业大学学报，2022,44(1)：61-70.Technical Effects and Influencing Factors of Main Methane EmissionManagement Practices in China's Paddy FieldsLIU Kechun,WANG Xudong,ZHAO Xin,ZHANG Hailin"College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Key Laboratory of Farming System of Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,ChinaAbstract:Paddy field is a main source of greenhouse gas CH.As climate change has gradually be-come a global issue threatening agricultural production,how to reduce CH,emission has become thefocus of agricultual attention.Based on Meta-analysis,this study systematically collated and quanti-tatively analyzed the relevant published positioning field experimental data in China.The resultsshowed that compared with winter fallow fields,continuing cropping in winter significantly increasedCH,emissions in rice season by 25.81%.Compared with the conventional cropping mode,the com-pound planting and raising mode in paddy field with duck,fish,etc.)could significantly decrease*基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300210),国家级大学生创新训练项目(202010019003)作者简介：刘珂纯。女，从事保护性农业与农田生态研究·收稿日期：2021-04-09通信作者(C)1994-2022 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net62吉林农业大学学报2022年2月CH,emission by 12.15%.Organic fertilizer retuming significantly increased CH emission by82.39%.The increase of CH,emission from organic fertilizer after decomposition or fermentationcomposting,biogas production)(26.17%)is lower than that of direct retuming.Compared withthe conventional irrigation,water-saving irrigation could reduce CH,emission by 61.1%,and thereduction rate under controlled irigation was 77.01%,which was significantly better than that underintermittent imrigation 55.35%).Compared with no nitrogen application,the overall CH,emissionwas significantly increased by nitrogen application,and the effect was firstly decreased and then in-creased with the increase of nitrogen application level.No tillage or less tillage could decline CH e-mission by 12.74%.Controlled release fertilizer or fertilization combined with biological inhibitorssignificantly reduced CH,emission by 18.52%.Biochar input to the field significantly reduced CHemission by 23.34%,and the emission reduction effect firstly decreased and then increased withthe increase of the amount of inputted biochar.This study suggested that different management prac-tices affect rice season CH,emission differently.Compound planting and raising,appropriate nitro-gen level,retuming organic compost to the field after fermentation,controlled release fertilizer orcombined application of biological inhibitors,returning appropriate amount of biochar to the field,water-saving irrigation,and no tillage and less tillage are more conducive to emission reduction ofgreenhouse gas CH,in paddy fields.Key words:paddy field CH:emission management;greenhouse gas emission;field managementpractice;Meta-analysis当前，全球变暖趋势在学术界获得普遍认可，为稻田冬季填闲种植，使双季稻种植季节的CH,排这主要源自CH,等温室气体排放”。一方面，气放量显著增加43.88%。候变化给农业领域带来了自然灾害频发、种植制不同的稻田农作措施对CH4排放影响显著。度界限移动、病虫害风险增加、多种作物减产等严耕作方式通过改变土壤的通气状况，形成特定的峻的挑战；另一方面，农业生产带来了全球约厌氧或有氧环境，影响产甲烷菌的活动，最终也会60%的CH,排放，不合理的农业管理措施进一步影响稻田CH,排放▣。与翻耕相比，免耕会减少加速了土壤碳的流失和排放，，对土壤的长期约30%的CH,排放量。稻田养鸭、养鱼等复合翻整扰动使得温带和热带土壤有机碳分别流失了种养系统中，鸭，鱼等对稻田中水分与土壤的扰动近60%和75%4。因此，如何减少温室气体排影响了气体的交换，使土壤氧化还原电位升高，从放、缓解气候变化成为保障粮食安全的一个重要而降低了CH,的排放量4。另外，节水灌溉稻田的CH,排放通量多低于常规灌溉稻田，不同的我国是水稻生产大国，而稻田是重要的CH排节水灌溉模式减排效果不同。目前，国内外放源。据估算，稻田CH4排放总量约占人为排放稻田CH,排放研究的结论多来源于大田试验，由CH4总量的11%M。这是由于水稻生产过程中淹于各试验位点间温度、土壤、降水量等自然条件不水灌溉所形成的无氧环境，适宜产甲烷菌的生存。同，试验结果存在一定差异，在针对某一题目的研秸秆还田等施入有机肥的措施给土壤带来了大量究中，甚至出现了相悖的结果。田昌等在湖南的易分解有机质，可作为产甲烷菌的反应底物，进双季稻连作区开展长期定位试验中得到结论，控而显著增加稻田CH排放量。研究表明，施用氨释尿素替代普通尿素能有效降低稻田CH4排放。肥对稻田CH4排放的影响存在争议，赵峰等月在上也有部分结论显示，缓/控释肥对稻田CH4的减排海进行的试验表明，施用氨肥显著增加水稻生育期效果不一致喝。生物炭配施化肥是一种有效的53.8%的CH,排放量，而Dog等9认为，施用氮肥诚排措施，祁乐等吗在重庆的试验结果显示，与CH4排放量会减少38%~49%。李帅帅等对湖单施化肥相比，配施生物炭处理可显著降低CH4南地区稻田CH4排放的研究显示，将稻作制度调整累积排放量的21.22%~26.69%。Journal of Jilin Agricultural University 2022,February(C)1994-2022 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.All rights reserved.http://www.cnki.net