WORLD TRADEORGANIZATION③@IRENAENABLING GLOBALTRADE IN RENEWABLEHYDROGEN ANDDERIVATIVE COMMODITIES©IRENA and WTO,2024.Unless otherwise stated,material in this publication may be freely used,shared,copied,reproduced,printed and/orstored,provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyright holder.Material in thispublication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use and restrictions,and appropriatepermissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of such material.1SBN978-92-9260-637-4Citation:IRENA and WTO(2024),Enabling global trade in renewable hydrogen and derivative commodities,InternationalRenewable Energy Agency and World Trade Organization,Abu Dhabi and GenevaAcknowledgementsThis report was authored by James Walker and Ann-Kathrin Lipponer (IRENA),and Svetlana Chobanova,Saira Munir andRainer Lanz (WTO),under the guidance of Roland Roesch(Director,IRENA Innovation and Technology Centre),FranciscoBoshell (IRENA)and Aik Hoe Lim (Director,Trade and Environment Division,WTO).Several IRENAand WTO staff reviewed drafts of this report,including Arno van den Bos,Francisco Gafaro,Paul Komor,Danial Saleem,Zafar Samadov,Gondia Seck and Patricia Wild (IRENA),as well as Ankai Xu,Daniel Ramos,DevinMcDaniels,Jose-Antonio Monteiro,Mateo Ferrero,Michael Roberts,Philippe Pelletier,Roy Santana,Seref Gokay Coskunand Helen Swain (WTO)The authors also wish to express their sincere appreciation to the following experts for their reviews and insightfulfeedback:Nawal Yousif Alhanaee(UAE Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure),Laurent Antoni (International Partnershipfor Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy),Daria Nochevnik (Hydrogen Council),and Carla Robledo and Han Feenstra(Ministry of Climate Policy and Green Growth of the Netherlands).Publications and editorial support were provided by Francis Field and Stephanie Clarke,with design by Phoenix Design Aid.About IRENAThe International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries intheir transition to a sustainable energy future,and serves as the principal platform for international co-operation,acentre of excellence,and a repository of policy,technology,resource and financial knowledge on renewable energy.IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy,including bioenergy,geothermal,hydropower,ocean,solar and wind energy,in the pursuit of sustainable development,energy access,energysecurity and low-carbon economic growth and prosperityAbout the WTOThe World Trade Organization (WTO)is the only global international organisation dealing with the rules of trade betweenits members.At its heart are the WTO agreements,negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations andratified in their parliaments.The WTO's fundamental goal,as set out in the organization's founding agreement,is to usetrade as a means to improve people's living standards,create better jobs and promote sustainable development.This report follows prior relevant work published by IRENA and the WTO,including:International trade and green hydrogen:Supporting the global transition to a low-carbon economy (IRENA-WTOjoint report 2023)Trading into a bright energy future:The case for open,high-quality solar photovoltaic markets (IRENA-WTO jointreport 2021)Global trade in green hydrogen derivatives:Trends in regulation,standardisation and certification (IRENA 2024)Global hydrogen trade to meet the 1.5C dimate goat Trade outlook for 2050 and way forward (IRENA 2022)Trade Policy Tools for Climate Action (WTO 2023)DisclaimerThis publication and the information herein have been prepared by the International Renewable Energy Agency and the staff of theWorld Trade Organization (WTO)and are provided "as is".All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA and the WTO to verifythe reliability of the material inthis publication.However,neitherthe IRENA nor the WTO.norany of their officials,agents,data or otherthird-party content providers provides a warranty of any kind,either expressed or implied,and they accept no responsibility or liabilityfor any consequence of use of the publication or material herein.The information contained herein does not necessarily reflect the positions or opinions of the Members of IRENAThe information provided for this report by the WTO is published under the responsibility of the WTO Secretariat.The opinionsexpressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of WTO members.The views expressed.and the terms and illustrations used in this publication are without prejudice to WTO members'rights and obligations;they are notintended to provide any authoritative or legal interpretation of the provisions of the WTO Agreements.The mention of specific companies or certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by eitherIRENA or the WTO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.The designations employed and the presentationof materialhereindo notimply theexpression of any opinion on the part of IRENA or the WTO concerning the legal status of any region.country.territory.city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.