THE COST OF INACTIONQuantifying the Impactof Climate Change on Healthin Low-and Middle-Income CountriesCIFCLIMATEINVESTMENTWORLD BANK GROUPFUNDS2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone:202-473-1000This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions.The findings,interpretations,andconclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank,its Board of ExecutiveDirectors,or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy,completeness,or currency of the data included in this work anddoes not assume responsibility for any errors,omissions,or discrepancies in the information,or liability with respectto the use of or failure to use the information,methods,processes,or conclusions set forth.The boundaries,colors,denominations,links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part ofThe World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.The citation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by thoseauthors or the content of their works.Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of The World Bank,all of which are specifically reserved.Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright.Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of itsknowledge,this work may be reproduced,in whole or in part,for noncommercial purposes as long as full attributionto this work is givenAny queries on rights and licenses,including subsidiary rights,should be addressed to World Bank Publications,The World Bank Group,1818 H Street NW,Washington,DC 20433,USA;fax:202-522-2625;e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org.AttributionPlease cite the work as follows:World Bank.2024.The Cost of Inaction:Quantifying the Impact of Climate Change onHealth in Low-and Middle-Income Countries.Washington,DC:World Bank.TranslationsIf you create a translation of this work,please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This translationwas not created by the World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation.The World Bankshall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.AdaptationsIf you create an adaptation of this work,please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This is anadaptation of an original work by the World Bank.Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the soleresponsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by the World Bank.All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications,The World Bank,1818 H StreetNW,Washington,DC 20433,USA;e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org.