ANL-23/69ADVANCED RESEARCHDIRECTIONS ONENERGYReport on Winter 2023 WorkshopsClaus DanielArgonne National LaboratoryJess C.GehinIdaho National LaboratoryKirsten Laurin-KovitzArgonne National LaboratoryBryan MorrealeNational Energy Technology LaboratoryRick StevensArgonne National LaboratoryWilliam TumasNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryENERGY国ENERGYOffice ofScienceApril 2024ABOUT ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORYArgonne is a U.S.Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicagoArgonne,LLC under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.The Laboratory's mainfacility is outside Chicago,at 9700 South Cass Avenue,Argonne,Illinois 60439For information about Argonne and its pioneering science and technologyprograms,see www.anl.gov.DOCUMENT AVAILABILITYOnline Access:U.S.Department of Energy (DOE)reports produced after 1991and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free at OSTI.GOV(www.osti.gov),a service of the US Dept.of Energy's Office of Scientific andTechnical Information.Reports not in digital format may be purchased by the public from theNational Technical Infommation Service (NTIS):U.S.Department of CommerceNational Technical Information Service5301 Shawnee RdAlexandria,VA 22312www.ntis.govPhone:(800)553-NT1S(6847)or(703)605-6000Fax:703)605-6900Reports not in digital format are available to DOE and DOE contractorsfrom the Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI):U.S.Department of EnergyOffice of Scientific and Technical InformationOak Ridge,TN 37831-0062www.osti.govPhone:(865)576-8401Fax:(865)576-5728Email:reports@osti.govDisclaimerThis report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency ofthe United States Government.Neither the United States Government nor anyagency thereof,nor UChicago Argonne,LLC,nor any of their employees orofficers,makes any warranty,express or implied,or assumes any legal liability orresponsibility for the accuracy,completeness,or usefulness of any information,apparatus,product,or process disclosed,or represents that its use would notinfringe privately owned rights.Reference herein to any specific commercialproduct,process,or service by trade name,trademark,manufacturer.or otherwise,does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,recommendation,or favoring by the United States Government or any agencythereof.The views and opinions of document authors expressed herein do notnecessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agencythereof,Argonne National Laboratory,or UChicago Argonne,LLC.Cover design by Argonne National Laboratory.Cover imagery via Shutterstock